Is Farmed or Wild Salmon Better?
Dude smiling after catching a big ass salmon
Thinking about dinner tonight and wondering if you should buy wild or farmed salmon? Does it even matter?
Salmon is one of the most consumed fish in the U.S. and around the world, and that’s unlikely to change. So it’s no wonder that Americans consumed 420,000 metric tons of the fish in 2021. Because of our appetite for salmon, we have overfished many wild salmon populations, and more people are switching to farmed salmon.
Myth #1: Eating Salmon is Always Good for Me
Salmon are a healthy source of protein and fatty acids. A four ounce serving of salmon contains 23 grams of protein! That is roughly 50% of your suggested daily intake of protein. Salmon is also loaded with Vitamins B-6, B-12, C, potassium, and more.
The amount of omega-3 fatty acids found in wild salmon depends on what kind of algae and plankton they eat. These reduce your risk of cardiovascular disease. They help your body protect itself against heart disease, lower the levels of unhealthy blood fats (also known as triglycerides), and may reduce joint inflammation. Due to the regulated diet of farm-raised salmon, they have more nutrients. Their diets typically include plants, grains, and fishmeal. Omega-3 fatty acids in these salmon are good for your nervous system as well.
Because salmon eat other organisms in the ocean and rivers, they are eating whatever toxins and pollutants those prey consume. Often this means they are eating, and accumulating toxins such as mercury, PCBs, and dioxins.
It’s important to compare wild and farm raised salmon because we want to limit the amount of these toxins we consumes - since they will also accumulate in our bodies.
Wild Caught Salmon
Research has shown that wild-caught Pacific salmon have the lowest levels of dioxins. Dioxins and mercury can have neurotoxic effects. Dioxins pollute the environment. When they’re found in fish like salmon, they can be harmful to your health.
Some mercury has been found in wild-caught salmon. High levels of mercury can cause serious health problems. But studies are being done to see how much mercury is found and where.
Another concern about wild-caught salmon is plastic. Plastics are being ingested by the shrimp and anchovies that salmon eat. This causes the salmon to be contaminated. Eating seafood with traces of plastic can harm your hormones and confuse your body.
Farmed Salmon
Persistent organic pollutants (POPs). These pollutants found in farm-raised salmon have been linked to type-2 diabetes and obesity. They’ve also been linked to an increased risk of stroke in women. One type of POP, polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB), is five to 10 times higher in farm-raised salmon than in wild-caught ones.
Added red dye. Wild-caught, natural salmon has pink or red flesh. This is due to their diet of krill and shrimp. Farm-raised salmon don’t have the same diet, so their flesh is greyer. To achieve the natural pink look, farmers feed their salmon a synthetic chemical to “pigment” the flesh. This process may have unhealthy long-term effects on your body.
Higher saturated fat. While farm-raised salmon have more omega-3 fatty acids, they also have high saturated fat levels because of their altered diet.
Antibiotics. Farm-raised salmon are given antibiotics to prevent infections. When you eat these salmon, the antibiotics can enter your body. This can cause antibiotic-resistant bacteria to grow and infect your body.
Myth #2: Wild is Always Better for the Planet
When I think of “wild caught salmon” I thought of salmon leaping and splashing upstream to spawn in a clean river nestled below forested and snow-capped mountains.
Today, wild salmon primarily come from the rivers off the northern Pacific Ocean surrounding Alaska, Russia, and Japan. Wild Atlantic salmon also border the northern shores of the United States, Canada, and Scandinavia. These fish are born in fresh water and migrate to the ocean but return to the fresh water when they reproduce.
While many salmon are coming back throughout the East Coast river system, they are still protected and are only fished as catch and release. The largest population of Atlantic Salmon can be found off the coast of Maine. While you can enjoy wild-caught Pacific salmon, fishing for Atlantic salmon has been banned in the United States since 1948 because it’s classified as an endangered species. As a result, salmon in the Pacific Northwest are under the watchful eye of government regulators in the United States.
Commercial salmon fishermen use electronic fish finders, hydraulic equipment, and large nets in order to capture the most salmon possible in a given expedition. In fact, they have been so effective that many of the wild salmon fisheries are fished out.
As the concern over depleting our natural wild resources has increased, there has also been a substantial focus on producing farmed salmon over the last few years. Today, roughly 95% of the salmon is farmed in Norway, Chile, Scotland, and Canada. Additionally, 70% of this farmed fish are grown by only fifteen producers. Aside from carp and tilapia, salmon is the third largest aquaculture species.
Myth #3: Farmed Fish Don’t Harm the Environment
Salmon is one of the most popular fish eaten today. Farm-raised salmon accounts for 75% of all salmon you eat. Scotland is one of the biggest producers of farmed salmon in the world. Over the past 30 years, industrially farming salmon in the ocean has become a massive industry. These farms now dot coastlines around the world with their rows of net-covered salmon pens, including in Maine, New Brunswick, British Columbia, Norway, and Iceland.
The production of farmed salmon takes one to three years, beginning with fish held in small land-based tanks as they pass through their juvenile phase in freshwater. After 6 to 12 months the fish are typically transported to underwater nets or cages in the ocean to live the rest of their lives. Farm-raised salmon are grown in tanks or freshwater enclosures. They are bred to be eaten. Sometimes, they have a different texture and varying nutrients. This is because of the different diets they’re given.
Farm-raised Atlantic salmon is the most common type of salmon found in the U.S. Wild-caught Atlantic salmon is prohibited under the Endangered Species Act. If you find salmon with this label, it is not authentic.
Most farmed salmon are raised in open-water net pens, which can be problematic since fish can escape the pens, and waste from a high concentration of fish, along with excess feed, can pollute the waters around it. And some farmers, particularly those in Chile, give salmon antibiotics on a regular basis to prevent diseases and parasites from affecting their stocks.
Sea lice from farmed fish may infect native salmon populations. The sea lice issue is complicated, but regulations in the United States and British Columbia require monthly monitoring of farmed salmon for sea lice and notification of authorities and treatment if sea lice numbers exceed three lice per fish.
Pollution from salmon farms is emitted through chemical treatments given to the fish, excess feed and large quantities of feces. These pollutants move towards the ocean floor, where they break down, reducing the concentration of oxygen and reducing biodiversity in these habitats.
Fish also produce a lot of nitrogen waste. Nitrogen pollution mixed with warm water creates perfect conditions for toxic algae outbreaks. The algae can grow out of control to form massive red tides that poison any fish, turtles, and shellfish in their path.
But you can also farm salmon indoors! Superior Fresh opened its doors in Hixton, Wisconsin, in 2017. The aquaponic farm started off by growing greens like baby arugula and romaine lettuce and then became the first land-based Atlantic salmon farm in the U.S. when it added fish to the mix in 2018. Superior Fresh is now the world’s largest aquaponics facility, harvesting more than 5 million pounds of organic leafy greens and 1.5 million pounds of salmon each year.
Sustainable Solutions for Your Next Salmon Dinner
If you decide to get wild salmon, buy wild-caught salmon from Canada, except Chinook or coho salmons caught on British Columbia, Canada’s South Coast. Buy Chinook salmon caught in the U.S. or Canada, except from the U.S. Puget Sound or British Columbia, Canada’s South Coast. Salmon from overfished populations are caught in these locations.
All chum salmon is wild-caught, and it’s unknown if the main chum populations are healthy, though overfishing is unlikely. Chum salmon is also marketed as dog salmon, keta salmon, or silverbrite salmon.All pink salmon is wild-caught, and the populations are healthy. Pink salmon is also marketed as humpback salmon. All sockeye salmon is wild-caught, and most populations are healthy. Sockeye salmon is also marketed as blueback or red salmon.
If you go with farmed salmon, take a look at the labels and how they are raised.
Avoid farmed Atlantic salmon from Canada, Chile, Norway, or Scotland, except when purchasing from businesses committed to sustainable seafood, it’s ASC-certified, or you confirm it’s from a Good Alternative source.
The Global Salmon Initiative (GSI) is a leadership initiative established by leading farmed salmon CEOs from around the world who share a vision of providing a healthy and sustainable source of protein to feed a growing population while minimizing their environmental footprint and continuing to improve their social contribution. (Global Salmon Initiative)
Looking for certifications is your best bet, but not every farm has an Aquaculture Stewardship Council (ASC) or Marine Stewardship Council (MSC) label.
Seafood Watch calls Atlantic salmon with indoor recirculating tanks the best choice in its salmon buying guide, but you may need to use a search engine to make sure of the conditions at the farm that your grocery store carries fish from.
Ask for advice from the fishmonger or look at prepackaged fish to find more information.
If you do choose to buy net-pen farmed fish, Seafood Watch recommends Atlantic salmon farmed in Maine or the Faroe Islands. Most importantly, it recommends looking for labeling to confirm that the fish has been approved by the ASC or MSC.
Best Milk Alternative for the Environment
For centuries, cow's milk has been a staple in our diets. But with growing concerns about animal welfare and the environment, plant-based alternatives are gaining traction.
In many European diets, milk accounts for just over one-quarter of the carbon footprint, sometimes as much as one-third.
One thing you will miss by switching from dairy milk is protein. Approximately 50% of commercial plant-based milk alternatives contain little (< 0.5%) or even no protein, while only selected soy-based drink analogues reach the higher protein level of dairy milk (3.7%)
But with more awareness of environmental and ethical issues of dairy along with milk allergies, more people are buying plant alternatives to milk.
Nearly half of U.S. and European consumers now purchase dairy and dairy alternatives. Recent studies estimate that the global milk alternatives market could potentially exceed revenues of $38 billion by 2024.
There are now a range of ‘plant-based’ milk alternatives available, including soy, oat, almond, rice, flax, and coconut. Soy milk, almond milk, and oat milk are highly popular and collectively had more than 50% share in the overall plant milk consumption in 2022.
My personal preference is flaxseed milk, but sadly it was replaced by Oatmilk at my favorite grocery store. As you’ll see below, flax seed milk has one of the lowest environmental impacts.
Myth #1: Plant-Based Milks are Always Environmentally Friendly
While generally more eco-friendly than cow's milk, the environmental footprint of plant-based milks varies depending on the source crop, production methods, and transportation.
For all plant milks they generally use about the same amount of land per liter of milk and much less than cows. This is important when making sure we conserve more habitat and cut down fewer trees as our population continues to grow.
But when it comes to comparing the environmental impact between milk alternatives, it becomes less clear.
When it comes to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, almond is the winner (Remember, rice can release methane, a potent greenhouse gas). But that’s the only real environmental benefit of almonds.
If you are concerned about eutrophication, known as algal blooms in our rivers and lakes, soy milk wins out. Soy milk also wins out when it comes to water use — a tenth of what is used for almond milk. Oat milk comes up about second for environmental impacts.
Hemp is a high yielding, sustainable crop that is able to grow in a range of climates. All parts of the plant can be utilized which makes it very eco-friendly. The seed can be used for hemp oil and milk. The stalk and roots of the plant make commercial items like paper, rope, or plastics. Hemp also requires less herbicides and pesticides than other crops due to its natural resistant to diseases. Hemp does require more water to grow than oat, soy, or pea plants, but requires less than almond. Hemp is less prominent so more research is needed.
Myth #2: Cow's Milk is the Most Nutritious Option
Dairy milk tends to be higher in calories, and importantly, contains more protein. 100ml of cow’s milk will contain around 3.4 grams of protein, versus 0.5 grams in almond milk. The protein in dairy is also a more ‘complete’ protein source, which means it has the full profile of essential amino acids.
While cow's milk provides calcium and vitamin D, plant-based milks can be fortified with these essential nutrients, making them suitable alternatives for most individuals.
Milk Alternative Costs and Benefits
Let's analyze the environmental impact of cow's milk and compare it with different types of plant-based milk:
Cow's Milk
Benefits: Readily available, provides calcium and vitamin D naturally.
Challenges: Significant water usage for dairy farming, methane emissions from cows contribute to climate change, potential for unsustainable manure management. A glass of cow’s milk has at least three times more emissions than any alternative milk.
Environmental Impact: High water footprint, high greenhouse gas emissions, potential for land degradation and water pollution from manure runoff.
Flax Milk
Benefits: A good source of alpha linoleic acids (ALA), a type of omega-3 fatty acid found in plants that is naturally anti-inflammatory. It can lower blood sugar levels and blood pressure, while also making you feel full — a great help for people with diabetes. It is naturally gluten-free and may be suitable for those with a nut allergy
Challenges: Flax milk tends to contain more thickeners and preservatives to improve its texture and shelf-life. It doesn’t contain any protein.
Environmental Impact: This is a newer milk to the market and it appears to be fairly sustainable, but organic varieties may be best to ensure there has been no use of pesticides during farming.
Recipe: In a blender, combine 1/4 cup whole flaxseeds, 3 cups water, a little vanilla extract, and a pinch of salt. Blend, pour the mixture into a container, and let it separate for about 10 minutes. Scoop out the flax matter on the top, and strain the rest of the milk with a nut bag.
Soy Milk
Benefits: Protein-rich, readily available, often affordable. Soy is the only plant milk that comes close to offering a protein content comparable to dairy.
Challenges: Large-scale soy production can contribute to deforestation and habitat loss, potential concerns regarding genetically modified organisms (GMOs). Soy can have estrogenic properties, its effects can vary depending on the existing level of hormones in the body.
Environmental Impact: Lower water footprint than cow's milk, potential deforestation issues depending on sourcing, varying levels of greenhouse gas emissions. Since soybeans are legumes, they also fix nitrogen in the soil, which reduces the need for nitrogen fertilizers and can protect the environment.
Oat Milk
This popular milk alternative might be the cat’s meow with hipsters but watch out for those toxic pesticides.
Benefits: Creamy texture, naturally lactose-free, lower environmental impact compared to some options.
Challenges: Higher water footprint than some plant-based alternatives, potential for increased land use depending on production methods. While oats are typically gluten-free, they can often be cross-contaminated and may not be suitable for those with a Coeliac gluten sensitivity. Pesticides can often be used in conventionally grown oats, including weed killer glyphosate, which is a known carcinogen. Organic brands are less likely to be affected, but check with individual manufacturers for more information.
Environmental Impact: Lower water footprint than cow's milk, moderate greenhouse gas emissions compared to some plant-based options.
Almond Milk
Benefits: Low in calories, naturally dairy-free and lactose-free, nut allergy concerns to consider.
Challenges: High water footprint due to water-intensive almond cultivation, potential for unsustainable water use in some regions. A single almond requires 12 liters of water to produce. In California almonds are at the center of the water for fish or farms battle.
Almonds require pollination from bees to grow, and there has been concern about the demand for bees to pollinate almond trees, combined with the pesticides that are often used by large-scale almond growers, which is toxic to both bees and humans.
Environmental Impact: Lower water footprint than cow's milk, but higher than some plant-based options, concerns about water scarcity in almond-growing regions.
Other Plant-Based Options
Pea Milk: Lower environmental impact than some other alternatives, hypoallergenic, potential for higher protein content.
Rice Milk: Naturally low in protein and fat, concerns about arsenic content in some rice milk varieties. It is least likely of all milk alternatives to cause an allergic reaction and is low in calories
Coconut Milk: High in saturated fat, not ideal for everyday milk consumption, but a good occasional option. Most coconut milk at the stores has removed the fat though. According to the International Union for the Conservation for Nature, coconut production threatens many wildlife species and has contributed to Marianne white eye extinction. An investigation by the New York Times found that rainforests in Indonesia were cut at the rate of three acres per minute over the course of seven years to make room for coconut palm trees.
Hemp Milk: A good source of both omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids, and is one of the few plant-based complete proteins, which means it contains all the essential amino acids that we need from food as the body cannot make them itself. It's also naturally gluten-free. It is effective for building soil health and requires very few pesticides because of its hardy nature. Hemp farming does require more water than oat, soy or pea. Environmentally, hemp milk appears to be one of the best milk alternatives, as the whole plant can be used.
Hazelnut Milk: Low in calories and naturally gluten-free, with no cholesterol or saturated fat. Hazelnut milk also contains vitamin E, which helps promote skin, hair and heart health. Compared to almond milk, hazelnuts have a better environmental footprint as they require the wind for pollination, rather than bees, and use much less water.
Ranking Milk Options for Sustainability
Accuracy: The claim that all plant-based milks are inherently better for the environment is inaccurate. Consider the specific plant source and production methods.
Ease of adoption: Shifting to plant-based milk requires minimal adjustment for most consumers.
Cost: Plant-based milks can be comparable or slightly more expensive than cow's milk.
Nutritional Value: Choose plant-based milks fortified with calcium and vitamin D for a balanced diet.
Impact on climate change: Opting for plant-based milks with a lower water footprint and greenhouse gas emissions contributes positively.
Top Ecofriendly Rice Choices
Rice, a staple across continents, finds itself at the center of a sustainability debate. It recently surpassed wheat as the third largest crop in the world, and provides one fifth of the calories consumed worldwide, so no doubt we need it.
Rice paddies supply half the global population with staple food, but also account for ~48% of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from croplands.
But, how can we make it more sustainable? Which type should we buy?
Myth #1: All Rice is Created Equal
The environmental impact of rice varies significantly depending on several factors. There are over 120,000 different varieties of rice!
Production methods, water usage, fertilizer application, and even the rice variety itself play crucial roles.
While some methods can indeed be resource-intensive, sustainable practices are emerging to minimize the environmental footprint.
Rice is grown mainly in flooded fields, called rice paddies. These fields can contribute to methane emissions, a potent greenhouse gas.
Organic rice farms typically grow the crop in flooded field systems that resemble conventional production but eliminate the use of chemical fertilizer and pesticides and incorporate a combination of practices including rotations, tillage, cover crops and water use to control weeds.
In Asia small farmers are adopting the System of Rice Intensification (SRI) system. With SRI, farmers do not keep fields flooded and they focus on building soil fertility with compost and other organic amendments. They plant rice less densely in rows, giving each plant more space to grow and generally leading to much higher yields per plant.
If you’re wanting to reduce your carbon footprint, select rice from a country with lower production-related emissions. Avoid basmati rice which emits more CO2e per kg than other types of rice.
Myth #2: Methane Emissions are All We Need to Worry About
In terms of greenhouse gas emissions from staple foods, rice has one of the smallest footprints per ton of protein and is much more efficient than any animal-based food.
However, microbes in flooded rice paddies produce methane, some of which is emitted into the atmosphere.
Project Drawdown estimates that rice cultivation is responsible for about 10 percent of global greenhouse gas emissions from agriculture and that shifting rice production to a set of practices that cut methane could have significant impacts.
While methane emissions from flooded rice fields are a concern, they're just one piece of the puzzle. In California, a state ravaged by drought, rice is one of the most water-intensive crops grown.
Deforestation for land conversion, water scarcity due to irrigation, and pesticide use also contribute to the environmental impact of rice production.
Charting a Sustainable Rice Journey
Instead of solely focusing on rice consumption, consider these broader approaches:
Support Sustainable Rice Practices
Look for rice grown using methods like System of Rice Intensification (SRI) that reduce water usage and methane emissions. SRI can increase yields by 56% in irrigated systems and 86% in rainfed systems. Studies also show SRI can reduce water use by 25-50 percent and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 50 percent per kilogram of rice produced.
In the U.S. look for organic rice companies: 4Sisters grows organic rice in Louisiana, and McKaskle Family Farm produces organic rice in Missouri for buyers like Chipotle. In California, organic rice is much more established, with big-name brands like Lundberg Family Farms.
Embrace Diversity
Explore alternative grains like quinoa, sorghum, or millet, offering lower water footprints and dietary variety.
Reduce Food Waste
Practice mindful cooking, plan portions effectively, and compost leftover food scraps to minimize the overall environmental impact of food consumption.
Advocate for Change
Support organizations working with farmers to implement sustainable practices and promote responsible rice production.
Consider Individual Context
While reducing rice consumption has merit, remember that cultural and nutritional needs vary across regions. Find solutions that respect cultural sensitivity and individual dietary requirements.
Ranking Rice Consumption as a Sustainability Solution
Accuracy: The claim that simply eating less rice is the sole solution to reduce its environmental impact is inaccurate. Addressing production methods, supporting sustainable practices, and exploring alternatives offer a more holistic approach.
Ease of implementation: Supporting sustainable rice brands or exploring alternative grains might require more effort in terms of research and availability. However, mindful food practices like reducing waste are easily applicable.
Cost: Sustainable rice options might sometimes be priced higher, but responsible consumption and reduced waste can offset these costs in the long run.
Ethics: Supporting sustainable farming practices, ethical labor conditions, and responsible land management align with ethical considerations for food production.
Impact on climate change: By promoting sustainable rice production practices, reducing food waste, and exploring alternative grains, we can significantly contribute to mitigating climate change and minimizing the environmental footprint of our food choices.
Overall: Rice does carry an environmental footprint, but demonizing it is an oversimplification. Through informed choices, supporting sustainable practices, and exploring alternatives, we can ensure that our rice consumption doesn't come at the expense of a healthy planet. Remember, even small changes in our daily habits can collective lead to a more sustainable future.
Further Resources:
International Rice Research Institute (IRRI): https://www.irri.org/
Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO): https://www.fao.org/home/en
By actively engaging in the conversation and making conscious choices based on accurate information, we can all participate in building a more sustainable food system and ensure that every bite counts for a healthy planet.
Top 3 Myths About Preheating Your Oven
The familiar whir of a preheating oven is a kitchen staple. But in our quest for a greener planet, the question arises: is preheating truly necessary, or is it an energy-guzzling myth?
Myth #1: But the Recipe Says So
When you just start cooking you might be a stickler for the recipe, or maybe your Grandma told you to preheat. Once you find your flow you will be modifying recipes left and right, so don’t forget about changing the preheating.
While preheating ensures even cooking for certain dishes like cakes, cookies, and breads, it's not always necessary. Many recipes, particularly those with denser ingredients, can adapt to a cold oven start, often with slight adjustments to baking time.
For many dishes oven preheating is unnecessary, including cakes made from sponge, yeast dough pastries, pies, grilled vegetables, roasted food, and frozen products.
You‘ll get better results if you preheat your oven for bread, meringue, sponges made without fat, or grilled meat and fish.
Myth #2: Skipping Preheating Saves Massive Energy
Preheating can be a waste of up to 20% of energy. While preheating does consume energy, the impact varies depending on the oven's efficiency, preheating duration, and recipe type.
Skipping preheating for short baking times might not yield significant savings, while longer preheats for sensitive dishes can contribute more noticeably to your energy footprint.
Even newer, energy-efficient models require energy to preheat. While they use less than older models, mindful usage remains key to minimizing your environmental impact.
The average oven uses about 3,000 watts of electricity every hour (about 3 kilowatt hours). It’s the equivalent of driving about 5 miles - but let’s say you use your oven for just one hour, three days a week, that’s like driving 780 miles in a year!
When I had my son start cooking dinner he would end up preheating for 30-45 minutes because prep time took longer. In this case, it saves money to wait. Note: I don’t advise trying this exercise in summer unless you want a sauna for a kitchen.
Myth #3: The Only Choice is Preheat or Not Preheat
There's a middle ground!
Experimenting with "cold starts" for suitable recipes and adjusting baking times can offer an energy-conscious approach.
Additionally, turning off the oven a few minutes before the end can utilize residual heat for finishing touches.
Beyond the Myths: Baking a Sustainable Future
Instead of clinging to myths, consider these alternatives for an eco-conscious baking journey:
Embrace the "cold start" method: Explore recipes specifically designed for cold-oven starts or adapt suitable recipes with minor adjustments.
Invest wisely: Consider upgrading to an energy-efficient oven model when replacing your current one.
Optimize preheating: Shorten preheating times when possible and adjust recipes accordingly.
Turn it off early: Utilize the residual heat by turning off the oven a few minutes before the end of baking.
Cook multiple dishes at once: Combine baking tasks that require similar temperatures to maximize oven usage and minimize preheating cycles.
Batch bake and freeze: Bake larger quantities and freeze portions for later consumption, reducing the frequency of oven use.
Embrace alternative cooking methods: Explore energy-efficient appliances like microwaves or toaster ovens for suitable dishes.
Support sustainable brands: Choose brands committed to energy-efficient appliance production and responsible manufacturing practices.
Ranking Preheating as an Environmental Solution
Accuracy: The claim that preheating is always essential for baking and saves massive energy is inaccurate. The environmental impact depends on individual usage, recipe type, oven efficiency, and available alternatives.
Ease of implementation: Skipping preheating requires adapting recipes and experimenting, while preheating is a familiar routine for many. Finding a balance depends on individual comfort levels and commitment.
Cost: Upgrading to an energy-efficient oven can be expensive, but long-term energy savings can offset the initial cost. Exploring alternatives like cold starts and batch baking can be more cost-effective.
Ethics: Choosing energy-efficient appliances and supporting sustainable brands aligns with ethical considerations. Minimizing energy consumption and exploring alternatives contribute to a more ethical approach.
Impact on climate change: Reducing oven use and opting for energy-efficient models can contribute to lowering your carbon footprint and minimizing your impact on climate change.
Overall: There's no one-size-fits-all answer to the preheating dilemma. The most eco-friendly approach involves a multi-pronged strategy: exploring alternatives like cold starts, optimizing preheating when necessary, utilizing residual heat, and choosing energy-efficient appliances. By baking consciously, we can all enjoy delicious treats without sacrificing the health of our planet.